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Copyright and Artificial Intelligence – Literature review
This literature review captures the debate around AI and copyright, focusing on academic literature, blog posts and grey literature. Coinciding with the second government consultation on AI and copyright launched in 2024, the literature review looks at alternative approaches from which the UK might learn.
Posted: 12 March 2025AuthorsDr Ekaterina Tarnovskaya, Prof Graham Hitchen
"Researchers are converging on frameworks that secure permissions, provide fair remuneration, ensure transparency and embed ethical standards, so that AI development can proceed without eroding creators’ rights."
Key Findings
- Copyright frameworks are under strain as TDM becomes central to AI development but often proceeds without clear consent, visibility or compensation for rights holders.
- Jurisdictions are experimenting with different legal routes, while creators organise globally to demand licensing, fair pay and effective opt‑out or opt‑in mechanisms.
- A growing body of research sketches practical tools – from licensing and levy models to open data infrastructures and technical mitigations – that could support both innovation and creative rights.
Related resources
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CoSTAR Network response to the Copyright & AI consultation